Factors Affecting the Microbiological Quality of Refilled Drinking Water at Refilled Drinking Water Depots:  Literature Review

Duta Rosula Nur Bassam; Nurjazuli Nurjazuli; ⁠Yusniar Hanani Darundiati

doi:10.70716/mohr.v4i3.674

Authors

Duta Rosula Nur Bassam Master's Program in Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
Nurjazuli Master's Program in Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia
⁠Yusniar Hanani Darundiati Master's Program in Environmental Health, Faculty of Public Health, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70716/mohr.v4i3.674

Keywords:

refill drinking water depot, microbiological quality, escherichia coli, coliform

Abstract

Access to safe drinking water remains a public health challenge, particularly in developing countries. Refilled drinking water depots (DAMIU) are vulnerable to microbiological contamination by pathogens such as Escherichia coli and coliform bacteria, which may increase the risk of waterborne diseases. This study aimed to identify factors affecting the microbiological quality of refilled drinking water. A literature review was conducted using articles obtained from Google Scholar and Scopus. Articles published between 2020 and 2026 in English or Indonesian and available in full text were included. Eleven studies met the inclusion criteria. The findings showed that poor depot sanitation, inadequate operator hygiene, and improper equipment maintenance were significantly associated with microbiological contamination. Unsanitary locations and poor cleaning practices increased the risk of Escherichia coli and coliform contamination. Equipment conditions, including sterilization systems and microfilters, also influenced water quality. Reverse Osmosis (RO) was more effective in reducing microbial contamination than ultraviolet (UV) and ozone methods. Depot sanitation, operator hygiene, equipment conditions, and disinfection methods influence the microbiological quality of refilled drinking water. Proper management of these factors is essential to ensure safe drinking water.

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