Social Network Analysis of Tourism Governance in Mandalika Special Economic Zone Based on Centrality Measures

Muhammad Firmansyah; R. Chrisna Trie Hadie Permana; Vici Handalusia Husni; M. Jumaedi; Baiq Uswatun Hasanah; Laela Ulfi Julianti  Aisyah

doi:10.70716/ecoma.v4i3.476

Authors

Muhammad Firmansyah Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
R. Chrisna Trie Hadie Permana Faculty of Engineering, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia
Vici Handalusia Husni Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
M. Jumaedi Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
Baiq Uswatun Hasanah Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia
Laela Ulfi Julianti Aisyah Faculty of Economics and Business, University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.70716/ecoma.v4i3.476

Keywords:

Social Network Analysis, Tourism Governance, Mandalika SEZ, Centrality Measures, Actor-Network Theory

Abstract

This study maps power structures and multi-actor collaboration in the Mandalika Special Economic Zone (SEZ) by integrating Social Network Analysis (SNA) and Actor-Network Theory (ANT). Fieldwork conducted in 2025 in Kuta Village, Pujut District, Central Lombok, combined a structured relational stakeholder survey, in-depth semi-structured interviews, focus group discussions, document review, and direct observation. The resulting actor-category network comprises 27 human, organizational, and non-human nodes. For comparable centrality estimates, we binarized and symmetrized the heterogeneous directed relations shown in the network maps into a connected undirected projection with 46 unique ties; we retained direction for ANT interpretation. Recalculation shows that the Indonesia Tourism Development Corporation (ITDC) ranks first, with degree 13 (normalized 0.500), betweenness 0.614, closeness 0.650, and eigenvector centrality 0.478. Hotel chains rank second. Local farmers have five ties and moderate local embeddedness but low brokerage (betweenness 0.024), whereas local youth form a pendant node with one tie, zero betweenness, closeness 0.302, and eigenvector centrality 0.018. Thus, marginality is inferred from limited brokerage and network-wide reach, not geographical proximity. ANT further shows how land-use instruments, permits, digital platforms, payment systems, and the MotoGP event calendar can reproduce or redistribute governance power. The findings support polycentric reforms that broaden local access to decision-making, procurement, and digital markets.

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